20 Critical Essay Topics Understand and Debate Police Brutality

20 Critical Essay Topics Understand and Debate Police Brutality If you are interested in writing a critical essay on police brutality, you can get a jump start by reviewing the 20 useful topics below: Differences in Police Brutality Statistics for Different Genders. Policies to Stop Police Brutality. Policies to Reduce Police Brutality in Two Countries of Your Choosing. Countries with High Rates of Police Brutality. How GDP Influences Rates of Police Brutality. How Police Salary Influences Rates of Police Brutality. Differences in Police Brutality Statistics for Different Ages Groups. Differences in Police Brutality Statistics for Different Countries. Impact of Police Brutality Statistics in Legislation. Influencing Factors for Police Brutality. Low Psychological Evaluative Standards Leads to Higher Rates of Police Brutality. Differences in Police Brutality Statistics for Different Races. Difference between Police Brutality among Female Officers and Male Officers. Whether Male Officers Show More Police Brutality toward Male Victims or Female Victims. Whether Female Officers Show More Police Brutality toward Male Victims or Female Victims. Statistical Changes to Police Brutality over a Ten Year Period. Correlation between Police Corruption and Police Brutality. Changes in Police Corruption Statistics between Urban and Suburban Areas. Whether Arrests and Charges for Police Brutality Reduce Rates of Police Brutality Afterward among Other Officers. Whether Police Brutality is Regularly Swept under the Rug Among Closely Knit Police Units. Out of all the interesting ideas which are available, it can still be difficult to really understand how to get started on any of these topics when writing your essay. Don’t forget to visit the article with facts on police brutality that comply with these topics. In addition, improve your writing quality with guides on critical essays. That is why you will find a great sample essay below on one of the topics listed above: Sample Critical Essay Low Psychological Evaluative Standards Leads to Higher Rates of Police Brutality For some jobs, applicants are required to take psychological evaluations during the application process. These jobs are typically those which require a security clearance or where weapons are wielded. The purpose of the tests are to ensure that the person remains psychologically stable enough to fulfill the duties of their position. Such low standards results in psychologically unstable individuals wielding not only lethal weapons but dangerous levels of authority over others. Because of this background, many of the individuals within the police force if not all have a deep desire to protect one another from anyone who is considered an outside. This only encourages the police brutality that is so prevalent among the psychologically unstable. In many cases the individuals are required to take regular evaluations to ensure they remain stable regularly. After extreme incidents on the job, the same individuals may be required to take an additional test to ensure the incident did not cause damage enough to render the person unable to fulfill their duties. Examples of such cases might include getting shot or having a partner injured or killed in the line of duty. While the purpose of these tests remains viable and is a necessity for ensuring that anyone wielding weapons is doing so safely, the acceptable levels to which certain members are held during their initial application and during subsequent examinations is far too low among police forces, which only cultivates an environment of police brutality. Police forces who are required to take entry examinations for their psychological evaluation are not held to high enough standards. With such low initial requirements, it is not surprising that police officers continue to be approved to work in the line of duty regularly. With low entry requirements, the individuals who were bullies in school or who were severely bullied, those who were not loved enough as a child, and those who have serious psychological issues which result in them craving power and authority over others. This psychological background makes police officers hungry for situations where they can exert their power over others. It makes them immediately feign a feeling of threat if an individual asks why they were pulled over or states to the officer that the officer is actually not in accordance with the law during a procedure. Situations where the psychologically unstable individual even remotely feels threatened results in severe retaliation in the form of police brut ality. What makes this retaliation even worse is the protective nature of the police force. Members within the force will automatically side with one another over anyone who is an â€Å"outsider† even if they know their police member was in the wrong. They will bend the legal rules for no one but their own, making them complete hypocrites. In addition to this, police officers who are already unstable will view an outside complaining that a member of their unit broke the law as a threat. And as aforementioned, these perceived threats to someone who is psychologically unstable result in severe backlash, bullying, and bending of the rules. In order to rectify the issue of high police brutality rates, it is imperative that the psychological standards to which members of the police departments are held be raised. Psychological evaluations should review the stability of the individual, their background, their childhood, and search for any indications in their background that they were abused or that they abused others. By identifying those who seek power and control in order to make themselves feel better, and identifying those who enjoy hurting others to bring themselves up, police departments can stop hiring individuals who are more of a threat to society than a help to society. This can put a stop to police brutality. By doing this, true change can come about to all of the police forces which choose to make the world a better place. References Anderson, Kelly C.  Police Brutality. San Diego, CA: Lucent Books, 1995. Print. Fitzgerald, Sheila.  Police Brutality. Detroit: Greenhaven Press/Thomson Gale, 2007. Print. Kirschner, Robert H. Police Brutality In The USA.  The Lancet  350.9088 (1997): 1395. Web. Kuhns, Joseph B, and Johannes Knutsson.  Police Use Of Force. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Praeger, 2010. Print. Lawrence, Regina G.  The Politics Of Force. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000. Print. Nelson, Jill.  Police Brutality. New York: W.W. Norton Co., 2000. Print. Roleff, Tamara L.  Police Brutality. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1999. Print.

Rise of Mass Society Essays

Rise of Mass Society Essays Rise of Mass Society Essay Rise of Mass Society Essay Rise of Mass Society Mass society arose in the Gilded Age in many ways. People moved back to the cities for many reasons. Farmers were forced to relocate because of the production of heavy machinery, the educational, medical care, and just sheer leisure that the city could offer. With the additional people who had moved into the city also came concern for sanitation. The population of New York City doubling each decade it created for an unsanitary condition as the infrastructure was not adequate to sustain the amount of people living in the cities. By the end of the 19th century the population had gotten to four million. Such extraordinary human overcrowding shared with a simple infrastructure made for the best conditions for an intense rise in widespread disease. Mosquito and tick borne diseases like malaria along with cholera, typhoid, typhus, and yellow fever festered. The citys death rate increase rapidly, and children died in great amounts. The city seemed to be coming apart. New York Citys substructure was dependent on horses. Between 100,000 and 200,000 horses was living in the city at any time (2008). Each horse gave off 24 pounds of feces and many quarts of urine daily. Even with the presence of animals, the city had no efficient street-cleaning techniques. Horse carcasses presented additional problems with the street cleaning, as the carcass can weigh as much as 1,200 pounds, much heavier than any person can lift and move (2008). When a horse did die it would have been left to rot then moved when it was manageable. With the invention of the electric and trolley cars the need for horse drawn transportation lessened. Eventually the horse would not be wanted within the city as a mode of transportation as the cable car and the electric trolley cars entered the city. The advantages assured by automobile supporters appeared to be realized. Streets were cleaner, pollution from manure and the diseases created were diminished, goods were moved economically and proficiently, and movement of people from crowded cities to suburbs was faster by the automobile. Actions seemed to validate the benefits of the automobile over the horse. Railroads during the Gilded Age was one of, if not, the most important discovery during the time because of its ability to transport people and their belongings to many places of the country where it would have taken days or weeks to travel with previous means of transportation. Railroads promoted economic growth towards civilization because trading within the country was more accessible than ever before and new businesses were created because of the creation. Railroads unlike horses during the time couldn’t travel at a high speeds for a long time without or little stopping. In 1862 the Pacific Railroad Act was established to help create the transcontinental railroad by authorizing grants and loans to companies who were involved in the making of the railroad. The transcontinental railroad was a combination of two railroad companies working together, the Central Pacific and Union Pacific. Millions of immigrants were accountable for most of the labor in the making of the transcontinental railroad. Most of the immigrants were of Irish and Chinese background. The transcontinental railroad was completed on May 10, 1869. The immigrants who helped created the railroads settled in the West because of the new industries being established in the West and all the opportunities the West presented itself. The transcontinental railroads expanded the population of the country instantly due to the discoveries towards the West. The railroads opened up many opportunities for people to start businesses and eventually created new industries. The railroads allowed the overcrowding of the East, due to the large amounts of immigrants, to minimize because of people moving towards the West in search for gold and better land for agriculture and ranching. The railroads provided jobs for many new settlers and immigrants in the West from the creation of the railroad itself, to the many jobs created because of the railroads. Since many people moved towards the West because of the new creation of the railroads, new towns formed into cities as the population of the West grew exponentially. With the farmers from the Great Plains and immigrants moving into the city there was a need for leisure time. The farmers had more time on their hands with the inventions of machinery for farming, they looked for things to do. Trains would bring spectators to watch the games several times a week. This was the beginning of the sport we call baseball. Post-civil war was an unsure time for everyone because of the change. Whether it was rebuilding their houses, towns or being equal with African Americans. Baseball was something that brought everyone together and made them forget about everything, it helped people enjoy themselves whether they were watching or playing themselves. It didn’t matter if one was white, black or purple it was part of their life. Baseball soon became known as Americas favorite past time for these reasons. At first baseball was segregated, as everything else was, there was even a Negro league. In 1888, the segregation ended and African Americans were allowed to play with whites. Some star players such as Cap Anderson refused to play with blacks. Even though the segregation had ended, blacks were still discriminated for over 60 years until Jackie Robinson signed with the Dodgers. The cultural phenomena during the Gilded Age developed in many ways. Farmers were forced to relocate into the cities due to not being able to expand their farms or from machinery. Immigrants moved into the large cities in order to obtain work. The city’s infrastructure was not adequate to sustain such a large population of people and horses alike. Many people died due to the unsanitary conditions of the city. Railroads assisted with migrating west, eliminating contaminate within the city, as well as transportation to spectator sports such as baseball.

The Importance of Warming Up Prior To Playing Golf Essay - 1

The Importance of Warming Up Prior To Playing Golf - Essay Example When observing the game of golf one has to wonder what preparation and strategy take place prior to one actually stepping onto the course to play. To the eye of an observer, golfers tend to appear to approach the sport with a calm aloofness and confidence. Even with this restrained countenance, there is certainly a set of masterful skills at work as well as preparation to take on a game that requires an inordinate amount of focus for success. Strategic preparation and pre-game warm up contribute to this confidence. Though the game of golf appears a relaxed and laid back sport it also in its own right can be intense, requiring great focus, physical endurance, and excellent visualization skills. So it is one must know what to do to prepare physically to garner this focus and perform at peak performance on the course while avoiding injury.Warming up prior to a game of golf not only enhances flexibility, it prevents injury and improves one's’ game. By warming up ones’ body otherwise tight muscles are stretched and lengthened decreasing the chance of pulling and straining while allowing for optimum performance during ones’ swing. In today’s society, golfers range in ages from teens up to seniors. Certainly, as we age our flexibility decreases and our bone structure changes creating greater challenges physically. Age does not necessarily have to be a detriment to one’s game. It is the approach and preparation that must change. One must treat the body as a finely tuned instrument.

Immigration and Ethnicity in the US Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Immigration and Ethnicity in the US - Essay Example The immigration comprised of different people different from ethnicities such as German, English, Irish, and Norwegian Swedish among others that fluxed America as earlier as 1800s. In regard to the physical characteristics and behaviors of immigrants in this century, this phase of immigration was branded an old immigration. The old immigrants came into the United States to take advantage of the freedom and prevalent opportunities in America. They were mainly allured by the availability of cheapest lands, in accordance to the Homestead Act, and the economic ability to rise to riches from rags (Alba, 2009). The distinguishing traits for these old immigrants include: all came northern and western Europe, were Protestants by religion, were literate and skilled, came over as families and were quick to assimilate. Besides, they were also tall and fair, had money and experience of democracy, and sought freedom in a new land of America (cthomson, 2008). However, in the course of the century the America faced another phase immigration called new immigration peaked in 1907s. The new immigrant came mainly from the eastern and southern Europe. The new phase also had different people from different ethnicities and comprised of poles, Greeks, Italians, Croats Slovaks and Russians. The major drive of these new immigrants was the economic hardship and the enlarging gap between the poor rich in their nations. There was a considerable upsurge in industrial growth following the end of civil war in America. Therefore, the new immigrant came to secure the economic opportunities provided by new industries and improve their life financially. The traits that distinguished the new immigrants from the old one include: most came from southern and eastern Europe, were illiterate and unskilled, came over as birds of passage, were short and dark and, and arrive impoverished. In addition, they were also radicals and autocrats, clannish and reluctant to a ssimilate, and above all

Interpersonal Negotiation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Interpersonal Negotiation - Case Study Example We would appreciate if you allow us to build a road, and we will make sure that you wetlands see the least disturbance. 2. Concerns can be best addressed through the transformative approach only. This approach considers the problem as an opportunity for moral growth and empowerment of all parties involved rather than looking for a solution only. Thus, all parties feel that they are an important part of decision-making process and reach a solution that is acceptable to all involved. This enhances the relationships because the solution reached maximizes the collective gain. 3. To save the relationship from destroying, the three groups should move with the collaborative and transformative approach. A win/lose negotiation will destroy the relationships although a solution is reached much sooner. But it is important for the groups to sit down and discuss the matter with each other rather than letting one party lead the others and making one lose and the other win. It should be a win/win situation for all. 4. If I was a negotiator for the first group, I would go to the second group myself rather than calling them to my office, and would make them understand why the road construction was crucial. I would not impose upon them my plans and order them to move. I would compensate them their loss of scenic beauty through financial support and would make them understand the complexity of the

Compare And Contrast How Shakespeare English Literature Essay

Compare And Contrast How Shakespeare English Literature Essay The three texts all utilise literary methods of showing the different aspects of the male and female sexual relationships between key characters. In Hamlet, the relationship between Hamlet and Ophelia will be criticized; In The Millers Tale, the relationship between Alison, John/Nicholas and Absolon will be looked at. Finally, the relationship between Frank and April Wheeler will also act as a medium of comparison with the other characters to feature this analysis. All three texts are composed of male/female sexual and romantic relationships that are compromised by madness and debauchery. In Hamlet, the protagonist seems to be compelled to enact madness so as to avenge his father. In The Millers Tale, Alison, a young married woman is confounded by lust and cheats on her husband with the younger and much more cunning Nicholas. In Revolutionary Road, April Wheeler seems to be affected by a bad upbringing and thus causing her to make unwise decisions that affect her relationship with her husband Frank. Hamlets madness has an effect on his relationship with Ophelia, O, what a noble mind is here oerthrown!, Ophelia believing that Hamlet is truly mad, shows her feelings towards the protagonist by using hendiadys to describe him, The glass of fashion and the mould of form. Hamlet conforms with his perceived madness by rudely mentioning to Ophelia, It would cost you a groaning to take off mine edge., the effect this has on the relationship between Haml et and Ophelia is monumental as this is the last interaction between the pair before Ophelia finally loses her reason with news of her Fathers death. L.L. SchÃ…Â ±cking states, The passive Ophelia treads he terrible path to mental derangement this conforms to the traditional view of women on this period. Shakespeare may be showing that women are affected at a deep level by emotional matters and he shows this by the scale of damage that is done to Ophelia by Hamlet playing with her emotions. There might be a representation of an Oedipus complex in Hamlet. This is an idea developed by Freud who says that all sons develop affections for their mothers and murderous instincts towards their fathers. There are many arguments that go against this perspective though. Hamlet is very outspoken about Gertrudes incestuous behaviour so isnt likely to want her in a sexual manner. Furthermore, Hamlet seems to view his father as a type of god, Hyperion and so isnt very likely to want to kill him. In fact, Hamlet wants to do the exact opposite, as he is trying to revenge the murder of his father. Hamlet only sees the incestuous behaviour from Gertrude and for him, she represents women in general, he is suspicious of all women. We do get a different view of Gertrude and particularly of Ophelia through the eyes of other people at certain times. When they are shown, they are often represented in a very negative way, in the way they would have been represented at the time. A good example of this is when Laertes tells Ophelia to stop seeing Hamlet and she replies I shall obey, my lord. Because we are led to believe that she is in love with Hamlet, this is an order she shouldnt be disposed to obey. In medieval times when Hamlet was set, women were expected to obey their fathers and brother until they got married and could obey their husbands. This is why Ophelia had little choice but to say this. This is why Ophelias madness has such an importance in the play. It gives Ophelia the freedom to say what she could not say before, for example giving columbines to Laertes to represent ingratitudes and infidelity Theres fennel for you and columbines Also her loss of innocence ends with her eventual suicide. At the time suicide was a sin against God and so people who committed suicide werent allowed a proper funeral. Ophelias innocence is however preserved by allowing her a funeral even after her suicide. Hamlet claims that he is faking madness but at times his madness appears r eal. There are two suspected reasons for his madness and both reasons include women. The first explanation is that Hamlet is in love with Ophelia and his rejection from her has driven him to madness. This is a reasonable explanation because Hamlet often seems a lot more discourteous whilst talking to Ophelia Get thee to a nunnery. The other explanation for Hamlets madness is that he is offended by Gertrudes marriage to Claudius. He doesnt think that Claudius is worthy to be like his father. Hamlets treatment of Ophelia in the play can be interpreted in two ways. Most of the time he appears cruel to her; as if he is just using her as a way of further convincing everybody else that he is mad. A good example of this is when he is talking to her and he realises that Claudius and Polonius are listening. This is when he says the line get thee to a nunnery He seems to hurt Ophelia both physically as well as mentally. Another explanation of this is that he is trying to protect her. Hamlet describes the world as a corrupt Eden and so get thee to a nunnery is sending her away from evil and corruption. Also he is sending her away from the bloodshed that he predicts is going to happen. Hamlet is often sceptical against women. He says to Ophelia or is thou wilt need marry, marry a fool, for wise men know what monsters you will make of them. This shows how bitter he is towards women and how bitter he is towards the world. This bitterness may be because he feels he has been betrayed b y the two main women in his life. His mothers offence being her marriage to Claudius and Ophelias by rejecting him. Gertrude isnt necessarily innocent in the play but is however tainted by Claudius. This proves that Shakespeare presents women as being morally week, and led by men, rather than making their own choices. Even when Gertrude breaks away from the evil of Claudius she is led by another man in her son Hamlet. Although this is a more positive reflection of Gertrude and women it still shows how women are easily led and not able to make their own decisions. It isnt certain whether Shakespeare is showing this presentation of women as a way of showing that this is wrong, or whether it is just a part of the play that fits in with historical setting. Or he may have been agreeing that this is the way that women should be portrayed.   In The Millers Tale, Alison is focused on as the centrepiece of attention between three males; this is shown to be because of her beauty Fair was this yonge wyf. However, her beauty is also the reason for the downfall between the relationship she had with John, her husband. In the opening sections of the play, Chaucer declares John as an over protective character Jalous he was, and heel hire nawe in cage. Furthermore, Alison is also described as being a flirt and having a likerous eye which insinuates the expectation of her infidelity which is proved in her interactions with Nicholas. Chaucer with this text is exclaiming that relationships with a large age gap usually induce the younger partner to become unfaithful. Hamlets murderous plot is much similar to Nicholass methods way of seducing Alison, both Characters show to be very cunning in their means of achieving their goals; both pretend to be mad and act in a different way than usual. Nicholas pretends to have become absorbed by his astrological work, This man is falle, with his astromye, Hamlet acts in a perverse way towards Ophelia and presents himself before her in an unusual manner, No hat upon his head, his stockings fouled, These deliberate acts of madness by Hamlet and Nicholas are so effective towards their target audience and in Hamlets case it even presents a domino effect towards his target as she becomes mad herself later on in the play. Chaucers text is interesting as it has a very vague outlook on the love that the characters had for one another. Johns love is much closer to obsession for the younger Alisoun which that he lovede moore than his lyf such a relationship is shown by Chaucer to be detrimental. Nicholas and Alisouns love for one another is in fact pure lust between the two characters. And heeld hire harde by the haunchbones this lustrous affair by Nicholas and Alisoun is also shown to be detrimental as both characters did not stay together afterwards. Chaucers inclusion of Absolon adds another potential type of love towards Alisoun. Absolon is neither as obsessed with Alisoun as John nor is he as lustrous as Nicholas. He is driven by admiration for Alisoun and his love revolves around this, Chaucer shows this by making Absolon the only lover to use the courtly love traditions to try and ensnare Alisoun whom he regards as My faire bryd, my sweete cynamome. However, Absolon is also the only character to no t have succeeded with Alisoun. Chaucer may be suggesting that the courtly love traditions where not the key to love. This self-imposed madness of Hamlets is also alike to that of April Wheeler in Revolutionary Road; the impact is also similar towards the relationship between April and Franks relationship. Like Hamlet, April starts to act in a different way towards Frank mentioning how she felt ensnared by him, Just because youve got me safely in a trap you think you, this is the first argument between April and Frank where both characters are as equally frustrated with one another and it sets the plane for such future encounters between them. Amidst this, another similarity between Shakespeare and Yates texts is the concept of lust not being very symbolic in terms of marriage length in comparison to true love as such. April mentions,your cowardly self-delusions about love when you know as well as I do that theres never been anything between us, which shows how much she thinks of her husband, a cowardly self delusion. In Hamlet, such a relationship is shown to exist between Gertrude and Claudius as Gertrude does not truly love Claudius but yet pretends to love him for other reasons not fully justified to the reader. This is verified by how quickly she agrees to leave Claudius when she is reprimanded by Hamlet about the incestuous marriage she is in, Be thou assuredI have no life to breathe. What thou hast said to me. Aprils dialogue with Frank in the play at the beginning might also be a hint as to what she as a character will actually do in real life; and I want to go out and do something thats absolutely crazy, and marvellous What April did in fact do at the end of her life was indeed marvellous and crazy as she both expressed a different ideology about the treatment of females as a whole, however her methods for doing so were albeit crazy. This is similar to Ophelias plot to try and act against the general assumptions that females must abide to rules and regulations. insert some quote jazz blah blah Para-> Discuss a theme of mendacity(lying) between the characters: Claudius and Gertrude; Nicholas and John/Absolon; Frank and April Edit this to school version. Sexual relationships are discovered in Hamlet and Revolutionary Road. However, such relationships when mentioned in detail are mostly on the basis of them being adulterous whereby either one or both of the partners are acting on lust rather than love. It is uncertain the relationship between Claudius and Gertrude because Shakespeare does not include any romantic dialogue between the pair and the only reference to them sharing any sexual relations come from Hamlet himself, Let not the royal bed of Denmark be/A couch for luxury and damned incest/But, howsoever thou pursuest this act. Furthermore, most critics tend to take a negative view towards Gertrude because of the speed at which she got over her husband. L.L. SchÃ…Â ±cking states The Queen, her peace of mind and untroubled conscience ruthlessly assailed, becomes uneasy, even bitter. This is very similar to the relationship between Frank and April whereby sexual interactions are very rare and if they do arise they are either ad ulterous or April trying to make Frank do what she wants him too. John Givings in Revolutionary Road tells Frank, You want to play house, you got to have a job. You want to play very  nice  house, very  sweet  house, then you got to have a job you dont like. This is the way ninety-eight-point-nine per cent of the people work things out, so believe me, buddy, youve got nothing to apologize for. John Givings is known to be a mentally ill person in the novel but the mere fact that April also sees things in his light justifies why Frank thought that she was also mentally ill to a certain degree and he offered to get her a shrink. A theme of dependency is explored by Yates whereby April depends entirely upon Franks decision so that she can move to Paris and leave the suburban unrealistic lifestyle that she feels ensnared by. April tells Frank, How did we ever get into this strange dream world, this goes to show how she had no regard whatsoever of the environment she was in and believed herself to be in a dreamlike state when living in the place. Shakespeare uses a similar effect in Hamlet where he included the dialogue between Hamlet and his Fathers ghost where Hamlet shouts out Be thou a spirit of health or goblin damned. This further proves that Hamlet and April are conscious about feeling in such an unrealistic state but they are also the characters who are shown to do the most unrealistic things. Both Shakespeare and Yates chose Death, as the medium to part the main love figures in their respective texts. Such a strong parting adds more emphasis to the emotions felt by the lover that is left behind to mourn the death of his beloved. In Hamlet, Hamlet actually provokes Laertes. Let thy wisdom fear. Hold off thy hand. Such a bold outburst is unlike Hamlet as he contrived a whole plot to accuse Claudius of killing his father instead of confronting him head on. In Revolutionary Road, Frank is shown to also suffer from losing April; hed lost a lot of weight which could show that he was not eating as much as he should have been as he was in mourning for April. In Conclusion, Shakespeare, Chaucer and Yates all present male and female sexual and romantic language through narrations, double entendres and dependencies for one another. Chaucers descriptions of Nicholas and Alisoun through the character of The Miller justify to the reader the adulterous act between the pair, Shakespeares use of hendiadys throughout Hamlet endorses his message as the main character is under one big lie from the beginning of the play. Finally, Yates uses the fact that females were dependent upon males in the 1950s but his message was to show that strong willed women like April still had control over their partners decisions. Word Count: 2576

Genetic Interventions and the Ethics of Enhancement of Human Beings by

The evolution of technology has been hand in hand with the human subjugation of earth, but the question persists, when does the use of technology go too far? Advances in medical science have increased the average human lifespan and improved the quality of life for individuals. Medical science and biology are steadily arriving at new ways to alter humans by the use of advanced genetic alteration. This technology gives rise to the question of how this new technology ought to be used, if at all. The idea of human enhancement is a very general topic, since humans are constantly â€Å"enhancing† themselves through the use of tools. In referring to human enhancement, I am referring specifically to the use of genetic intervention prior to birth. Julian Savulescu, in his, â€Å"Genetic Interventions and the Ethics of Enhancement of Human Beings,† argues that it is not only permissible to intervene genetically, but is a morally obligatory. In this paper, I will argue t hat it is not morally obligatory to intervene genetically even if such intervention may be permissible under certain criteria. I will show, in contrast to Savulescu’s view, that the moral obligation to intervene is not the same as the moral obligation to prevent and treat disease. In short, I will show that the ability of humans to intervene genetically is not sufficient to establish a moral obligation. The first argument given for the obligation of genetic enhancement is the postulate of the â€Å"Neglectful Parents†. Savulescu considers the case of two types of parents, the neglectful parents and the lazy parents. The neglectful parents have a child that has a condition wherein a simple, cheap dietary supplement must be given so that the child maintains an advanced intellect. ... ...ealth Organization. World Health Organization, 3 September 2007. Web. 4 Apr 2011. . Nordqvist , Christian. "What Is Health? What Does Good Health Mean?." Medical News Today 21 May 2009: n. pag. Web. 1 Apr 2011. . Parens, Erik. "Special Supplement: Is Better Always Good? The Enhancement Project." Hastings Center Report 28.1 (1998): s1-s17. Web. 1 Apr 2011. . Parker, Michael. "The Best Possible Child." Journal of Medical Ethics 33.5 (2007): 279-283. Web. 1 Apr 2011. . Savulescu, Julian. â€Å"Genetic Interventions and the Ethics of Human Beings.† Readings in the Philosophy of Technology. Ed. David Kaplan. 2nd ed. Lanham: Roman & Littlefield, 2009. 417-430.

Emotions & the monster Essay

Acceptance is very important in society, and the same perceptions apply just as much today as they did in the 1800’s. It is part of human nature to make instant judgments, and to form first impressions of a person before you know what they are really like, and this is what happened to Frankenstein’s monster in this book. Although it is almost impossible to avoid making these snap decisions, they can almost always be changed later on, and put right once you get to know the person. Everyone wants to be accepted for who they are, regardless of appearances or stature, however this is not always the case. This can be related to the treatment the monster receives upon meeting other people. He is not â€Å"the norm†, and is undoubtedly ugly to look at, but that does not make him a bad person. Shelley manages to show this in such a way that the reader feels sorry for the monster, but we can see that it is something that is unlikely to change, as it is a normal part of society and human nature. Shelley shows her disgust at this harsh treatment through the monster’s feelings, which are shared with Victor later on in the book, and it is as if the author is pouring out her emotions, rather than the monster’s. The hideous figure, the disfigured stature of this monster is the first thing noticed by Victor Frankenstein. â€Å"His yellow skin scarcely covered the work of muscles. † This reference to the monster’s yellow skin depicts the same behaviour conducted in modern day racism. The colour of one’s skin does not dictate the intelligence, attitude and personality of a person. Regardless of the yellow skin of the monster, which would repulse and overwhelm most people, there is no need to carry over that emotion to judge the monster’s intellectual side. The mind and body are two very different things; human beings have yet to distinguish that fact. Mary Shelley clearly feels very strongly about this unfair prejudice in place in society, and has tried (very successfully) to show her readers just how unjust it really is. However, until people actually do something about it, it is just a part of society which we will probably never be entirely without. We may feel that it is wrong, but it will always be there, and it is something people have learnt to deal with in society. The novel, â€Å"Frankenstein†, actually reflects quite badly on the society in which Mary Shelley lived. It suggests that this type of behaviour was carrying on back then towards â€Å"different† people and was accepted as part of every day life. Humans have always and will continue to be scared of the unknown. Some might say that what you don’t know about can’t hurt you, but there is a sense of mystery and darkness behind unidentified things. This fear is ever increasing alongside the amount of horror films and novels, by which the general public is heavily influenced – maybe sometimes too heavily. The public has always been influenced by the media, which is created by society, and with an increasing amount of stories and films out with the intention of scaring the audience, people are getting more and more prejudiced towards the unknown. Luckily this is counteracted by an increasing knowledge of other cultures and races, but Shelley lived in a society where people were still very ignorant about other people, and automatically assumed the worst. Although it is not shown outright, in â€Å"Frankenstein†, the monster actually experiences this fear as well as the villagers when he comes into their town. Their fears were of the same thing – the unfamiliar; however their reactions were completely different. Some villagers threw rocks, and were trying to drive the monster away as if it was a worthless piece of society; others simply ran away in shock, screaming and scared. This is not justified by anything except his demeanor. The monster, on the other hand, did not reply in a violent manner at all, he just tried to hide from all people from then on. This just goes to show how much people are affected by small things in their life. One incident such as this could ruin an entire life, and the villagers did not realise just how selfish they were being. They did not think about his feelings, and left him to support himself, poor and defenseless. The public do not realise how much little things they may pass off as unimportant affect others, and in this case, society ruined the monster’s life. From that moment and for the rest of his existence, the monster knew not to interfere with human beings, for their nature was clearly different to his. The monster, like all human beings, wanted to be accepted for his intellectual abilities and personality, and both him and humans have it in their nature to be afraid of the unknown, yet the villagers had an unmistakable advantage over the monster – the monster was still innocent and nai ve, unsure of the world around him and ignorant of human nature. He was not accepted by anyone, purely because of his appearance. This fact is obvious as no one as yet had even had the chance to get to know the monster’s personality, not even the monster himself had had this opportunity, because he could not speak and did not know anything about society. Therefore human nature plays an incredibly important role in the novel, because without it the villagers would probably have accepted the monster, and he would never have turned out how he did.

Short Mothers Day Quotes for Emails or Cards

Short Mothers Day Quotes for Emails or Cards The mother-child bond is too strong to be dulled by distance. Even if you are miles away from your dear mother, reach out to her with a thoughtful message. If you have something more elaborate in mind, here are some ideas. Why Use Mothers Day Quotes Usually, it is not too difficult to pick a gift for mothers. Mothers are not fussy creatures. Youd hardly meet a mother who would tell her son, Honey, Id really like the exquisite silver cutlery I saw at Macys. On the contrary, she would mostly say something like, Oh, sweetie, dont bother with these expensive gifts. All I want is to spend time with you. So heres the hint: Your mother needs you. Your mother, though she deserves a lot more, needs just a little bit of your time. If you want to be thoughtful, scribble her a few Mothers Day quotes to make her feel special. Share some happy moments with her, reading these wonderful quotes about mothers. Talk about your beautiful childhood memories, and watch her eyes go misty with those memories. Thats how you can make your mother the happiest woman in the world. Jane SellmanThe phrase working mother is redundant.Spanish ProverbAn ounce of mother is worth a pound of clergy.Bill WattersonMothers are the necessity of invention.Harriet Beecher StoweMothers are instinctive philosophers.Jewish proverbA mother understands what a child does not say.James Russell LowellThat best academy, a mothers knee.D. W. WinnicottThe precursor of the mirror is the mothers face.Henry Ward BeecherThe mothers heart is the childs school-room.Jill ChurchillThere is no way to be a perfect mother and a million ways to be a good one.William Makepeace ThackerayMother is the name for God in the lips and hearts of little children.George WashingtonAll I am I owe to my mother.Lisa AltherAny mother could perform the jobs of several air-traffic controllers with ease.Ian NelsonMommy brain: when your grey matter turns into grey hair.Moorish ProverbEvery beetle is a gazelle in the eyes of its mother.Abraham LincolnAll that I am or ever hope to be, I owe to my angel Mother.The Gold en GirlsIts not easy being a mother. If it were easy, fathers would do it. J. D. SalingerMothers are all slightly insane.Ed AsnerRaising a kid is part joy and part guerilla warfare.Lin YutangOf all the rights of women, the greatest is to be a mother.

English Spelling is Not Total Chaos

English Spelling is Not Total Chaos English Spelling is Not Total Chaos English Spelling is Not Total Chaos By Maeve Maddox Daniels recent fun spelling test got me thinking about English spelling. Google English spelling and youll get 23,300,000 hits. Visit a few of the sites and you will be told how ridiculous, crazy, outrageous, cruel, and in-need-of-reform is English orthography. English spelling is more complicated than that of some other languages, but its not total chaos. The strangest spellings are those of the commonest words, so practice soon familiarizes even young children with the most irregular forms. Overall, there are predictable patterns and rules to guide the spelling of most English words. It would be impossible to cover all the phonetic facts of English spelling in one article, so stand by for a sequence of articles (you can also check the spelling section on TeachingIdeas.co.uk, which sums up most of the rules). For starters, Id like to point out some aspects of the English alphabet that lead to misunderstandings about English orthography. The 26 letters of the English alphabet are insufficient to represent the 44 or so sounds used to speak the English language. Written English has compensated for this lack of letters by inventing extra letters to represent eight consonant sounds and seven vowel sounds that do not have letters of their own. For example, the combination sh does not represent the combined sounds of /s/ and /h/. The sound represented is /sh/, which is the sound heard at the beginning of the word ship. Written English has not just compensated, but overcompensated for its insufficient alphabet. Numerous alternate spellings exist to represent sounds already represented by letters or letter combinations. This overabundance of spellings is a result of Englishs unabashed habit of importing words from other languages. In many instances new words brought along the spelling conventions of the language of origin. Clearly English orthography requires more study than that of other modern languages. Keep in mind, however, that English grammar is simpler than most. You can use the time saved in studying the grammar to learn the spelling system! I hear a lot of people admit to being unable to spell as if it were a genetic defect. I suppose that in a tiny percentage of the population it may be. In general, however, poor spelling is the result of insufficient information. In sum: the English alphabet has 26 letters; spoken English uses 40+ speech sounds; written English makes use of 70 spelling symbols. English spelling is complex, but learning 70 phonograms (sound symbols) and a few rules is a small price to pay for the use of the enormous vocabulary of English. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Synonyms for â€Å"Leader†"Replacement for" and "replacement of"50+ Words That Describe Animals (Including Humans)

History response 11 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

History response 11 - Assignment Example anticipated that Castro was someone he may well work with, since Cuban leader explored New York and Washington seeking both public and official support. But affiliations deteriorated after the Cuba’s Agrarian transformation rule nationalized land possessed by American firms. Both corporate lobbyists and Cold War hawks soon portrayed Castro as a Soviet threat on America’s doorstep. As tensions increased, Castro sent Che Guevara to Moscow and Beijing to shore up support for his regime while the Eisenhower administration drew up plans for invasion. Having this and Che being a Chinese collaborator, the relations between China and Britain melted. At present day, therefore, the medium of exchange has changed to numerous mediums unlike opium which was used in the former years by china and Britain(Goscha et al 7). ` The Great Leap scheme that was founded by Mao’s authority was unsuccessful. The steel formed in small shared furnaces was practically ineffective coupled with food production that plunged since many people died in the scarcity that resulted. By 1961 the collapse of the Great Leap Forward guided the more realistic â€Å"experts† in the Communist Party to lessen Mao’s authority slowly while renewing rationality to financial preparation (Goscha et al 30). Yet still, Mao’s conviction in the power of ground-breaking eagerness would inspire a younger age group of revolutionaries. Guevara was amongst those involved in the Chinese replica as an option to both free enterprise (capitalism) and the heavy Soviet form of technocratic communism (Goscha et al 41). This shows both a good example of youth culture as seen in schemes that he formed and also a bad instance on the youth, signified by his failures on food

Research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 5

Research Paper Example Actually, by reading through, one gets important insights on understanding the omnipresence of the role of design. Norman’s idea on The Invisible Computer is quite likable (Norman, 2002). Norman tries to establish that emotion which an essential part of life and states that the effective system makes judgments and helps tone to quickly determine the dangerous things in the environment. Just as indicated by Norman, it is quite true that advances in our emotional understanding have implications on design. Norman explores how emotional appreciation is attached to design. He gives an example of three different teapots and the emotions attached to them which compelled him to use them during different occasions. This explains how emotional design is attached to attractive things. From the discussion by Donald Norman, one is compelled to think exactly like him. For example, those products which are made to use when one is under stress should be designed in a way which is human center ed (Norman, 2002). This design then comes with a kind of emotional appreciation from the stress people and can make them more relaxed which enhance their usability through the pleasant aesthetic design. It is quite true that attractive things only work better in situations where aesthetics matter. Visceral design is simply what nature does, and it is about how things sound, look or feel. Visceral design or aesthetic appreciation cannot be separated from emotional feelings as the feeling, and the looks of a design brings about the emotional feeling. One will surely see a design and love it depending on it use, attractiveness and the emotional feelings it brings. According to Norma 2002, the pleasurable and pleasant aspects of a design usually make a person to feel more tolerant to problems and difficulties (Norman, 2002). The positive affects of a design usually enhance creativity and this make those designs which are human centered to be essential for situations or tasks which are s tressful and this how Donald Norman emphasized on the importance of design in creating pleasant emotions. 2. The philosophers tool kit (iPod and Philosophy by Wittkower) The iPod is a symbol of change which comes in the way we create and consume media and yet we are still struggling to get its meaning. The book on the iPod and Philosophy gives the theories on the iPod and brings together the older and younger minds who consider communication, entertainment technologies and impact of rapid information during the twenty first century. Each chapter in the book is a philosophical meditation of how iPodders have found the device and how it is embedded in the society and economy and has significantly changed our daily lives (Baggini and Fosl, 2011). Chapter 1: Wittgenstein’s iPod or the familiar among us and Chapter 2: The moment of the blobject has passed are the selected chapters. Epistemology is a philosopher’s tool kit used in chapter one to elaborate on science and its capabilities. The knowledge of iPod is justified, and it is scientific knowledge. Chapter one comes with questions like; what do you hear when you listen to our iPods? And what was on Wittgenstein’s iPod? All these are aimed at justifying the familiarity of the iPod to the people. Epistemology has been used in comparing listening music from iPods from listening music from Beach Boy’s classic. Intuitive knowledge as part of epistemology is evident in